Removal of Phenol from Water by Commercial Coconut Shell Charcoal

In this study, phenol was adsorbed by commercial coconut shell charcoal (CSC), which is inexpensive, commercially available, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly. The measurements, namely the density functional theory (DFT) calculation, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), were conducted to characterize features of CSC. highest removal efficiency reached 78.62% at optimal conditions (pH: 7, initial concentration phenol: 20 mg/L, adsorption time: 120 minutes, dosage CSC: 2.5 g/L). process follows Langmuir model with coefficient R2 = 0.9964. maximum capacity CSC determined be 14.32 mg/g. desorption from most effective in NaOH solution. On other hand, gradually decreased after five consecutive cycles. At fifth use, uptake 22.2%.